x-Risk Course
Open access · Self-paced

Module 3 / Lesson 9

Pandemics

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Exploring pandemics as humanity’s oldest persistent global risk, from biological foundations and historical civilizations to the future of biotechnology and artificial intelligence.

This lesson integrates biological, historical, and technological perspectives to help you understand how infectious diseases emerge, spread, and evolve, and how human society adapts in response.

KeyNotes:

  • Diseases have shaped human health and history for millions of years.
  • Society learns and adapts to pandemics through innovation, though frequency remains a persistent threat.
  • Modern tech creates a dual-use landscape: protective defenses vs. new risks like density and global travel.
  • CRISPR and AI amplify risks of misuse while providing powerful tools for prevention.
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x-Risk Course · Existential Risk: An Open Course

Designed and led by Professor Stephen H. Shore. Online contributors: Abbad Ali and Suyog Thengale.

Course overview · Team · Start here

Original course materials © Stephen H. Shore · CC BY-NC 4.0. Third-party materials retain their own terms.

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0