Course information
Reference Shelf
Course sources
Referenced people, books, papers, videos, data, and institutions used in the course.
Required textbook
Ord, Toby (2020). The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity. London: Bloomsbury.
See What You Will Need before beginning.
Additional references
This library preserves the sources referenced throughout the course. It is not an additional required reading list; follow the reading guidance in each lesson.
Use the filters or search by title, author, topic, or lesson. External links are maintained by their publishers and may change over time.
179 references
Referenced people
Abbad Ali
Financial mathematics graduate student at Georgia State University with a background in economics, mathematics, strategy consulting, and public-sector research.
Open sourceReferenced people
Alexander Fleming
Discoverer of penicillin, referenced in the antibiotics material.
Course mentionReferenced people
Bill Maher
Offers a satirical opening view in the lesson on whether AI is amazing or terrible.
Course mentionReferenced people
Boris Yeltsin
Named in the 1995 Norwegian rocket incident case study.
Course mentionReferenced people
Brian Greene
Public science communicator included in the course’s broader discussion of humanity’s future.
Course mentionReferenced people
Chad Jones
Author of The AI Dilemma: Growth vs. Existential Risk, a course-linked report.
Open sourceReferenced people
Daniel Kokotajlo
Interviewed about the AI 2027 scenario in the course’s interactive scenario lesson.
Open sourceReferenced people
Daron Acemoglu
Researcher whose work frames the course discussion of AI, inequality, and social externalities.
Course mentionReferenced people
David Relman
Researcher whose work informs the course discussion of pandemics, laboratory safety, and biological risk.
Course mentionReferenced people
Derek Parfit
His population ethics thought experiment is used in the ethics of existential risk lesson.
Course mentionReferenced people
Edward Jenner
Early vaccination pioneer referenced in the pandemic defenses material.
Course mentionReferenced people
Eli Lifland
Contributor to the AI forecasting and scenario discussions.
Course mentionReferenced people
Eliezer Yudkowsky
A prominent AI safety thinker whose arguments about alignment and catastrophic risk appear in the expert-views lessons.
Course mentionReferenced people
Enrico Fermi
His question “Where is everybody?” anchors the Fermi paradox discussion.
Course mentionReferenced people
Fang Yang
Faculty advisor named in the actuarial science career material.
Course mentionReferenced people
Frank Drake
Creator of the Drake equation, used in the Great Filter lesson.
Course mentionReferenced people
Gordon Moore
Associated with Moore’s law, the historical technology trend examined in Module 4.
Course mentionReferenced people
Harold Weston
BBA and certificate advisor named in the Robinson risk-management material.
Course mentionReferenced people
Immanuel Kant
Representative of deontological ethics in the course’s framework.
Course mentionReferenced people
Isaac Asimov
Creator of the Three Laws of Robotics, used as an ethics example.
Course mentionReferenced people
Jeremy Bentham
Early utilitarian thinker included in the ethics framework.
Course mentionReferenced people
John Stuart Mill
Representative of consequentialist ethics in the course’s three-system comparison.
Course mentionReferenced people
Katja Grace
Lead author of the survey “Thousands of AI Authors on the Future of AI,” used in the AI expert-assessment lessons.
Open sourceReferenced people
Manuel Worobey
Lead author on a course-linked study of the emergence of SARS-CoV-2.
Open sourceReferenced people
Muhammad Anas Khan
Actuarial science graduate student and former actuarial consultant who contributed to the original teaching team.
Open sourceReferenced people
Nick Bostrom
Author of Superintelligence and foundational work on existential risk and advanced AI.
Open sourceReferenced people
Paul Scharre
Describes the “battlefield singularity” in the course’s AI policy debate.
Course mentionReferenced people
Paul Tudor Jones
Referenced in the course’s discussion of risk perception and tail outcomes.
Course mentionReferenced people
Robert Miles
Creator of a course-linked explainer on AI alignment and instrumental convergence.
Course mentionReferenced people
Romeo Dean
Contributor to the AI forecasting and scenario discussions.
Course mentionReferenced people
Sam Harris
Public voice included in the course’s comparison of views about advanced AI.
Course mentionReferenced people
Scott Alexander
Author of a course-linked essay on non-frequentist probabilities and uncertainty.
Open sourceReferenced people
Seth Baum
Researcher whose work is used to frame uncertainty, global catastrophic risk, and climate-related tail risks.
Course mentionReferenced people
Stanislav Petrov
The 1983 false alarm incident is used to explore nuclear close calls and deterrence.
Course mentionReferenced people
Stefan Schubert
Creator of the course-linked introduction to Parfit’s dilemma.
Course mentionReferenced people
Stefanos Orfanos
Faculty advisor named in the actuarial science career material.
Course mentionReferenced people
Stephen H. Shore
Chair and Professor in Georgia State University’s Department of Risk Management and Insurance. His research examines income risk, consumer credit, and practical risk management.
Open sourceReferenced people
Stephen McAleese
Contributor to the course’s discussion of AI risk, alignment, and governance.
Course mentionReferenced people
Stuart Russell
AI researcher and author associated with the course’s discussions of alignment, control, and beneficial AI.
Course mentionReferenced people
Thomas Inglesby
A leading voice on pandemic preparedness, biosecurity, and the consequences of biological threats.
Course mentionReferenced people
Thomas Larsen
Contributor to the AI forecasting and scenario discussions.
Course mentionReferenced people
Thomas Malthus
Referenced in the course’s history of population, resources, and long-run risk.
Course mentionReferenced people
Thomas Schelling
Game-theory thinker whose ideas help frame strategic interaction and nuclear risk.
Course mentionReferenced people
Toby Ord
Author of The Precipice and a central voice in the course’s long-term view of existential risk.
Open sourceReferenced people
Wes Duesenberg Jr.
Namesake of a scholarship mentioned in the Robinson risk-management material.
Course mentionReferenced people
Yoshua Bengio
A leading machine-learning researcher whose public risk assessments are discussed in the course.
Course mentionReferenced people
Zbigniew Brzezinski
Named in the 1979 NORAD false-alarm case study.
Course mentionBooks
Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies
A foundational book for the course’s discussion of advanced AI, control, and strategic risk.
Open sourceBooks
The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
The course text for the long-term view of existential risk, from natural and human-made threats to humanity’s potential.
Open sourcePapers & reports
Climate change, uncertainty, and global catastrophic risk
A perspective on evaluating the uncertainty around climate change as a global catastrophic risk.
Open sourcePapers & reports
Complexity of the basic reproduction number R₀
Technical background for the pandemic and R₀ lessons.
In Pandemic and R₀
Open sourcePapers & reports
Enabling Principles for AI Governance
A governance framework connected to the course’s policy discussion.
In Debates & Policy
Open sourcePapers & reports
Existential risk: concept and readings
A core reading hub for defining existential risk and thinking about prevention as a global priority.
In Definition of Existential Risk · Defining Existential Risk & Catastrophe
Open sourcePapers & reports
Existential risk: concept and readings
A printable version of the course-linked existential risk reading.
In Public Goods and Racing Problems in Existential Risks
Open sourcePapers & reports
Five ways AI might destroy the world, and four ways it could save us
A public-facing overview linked in the course’s AI risk discussion.
Open sourcePapers & reports
Global dataset of historical infectious-disease epidemics
Evidence used in the course’s discussion of pandemic frequency and severity.
In Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
Open sourcePapers & reports
Gut microbiota functions review
Background reading for the course’s microbiome and infectious-disease material.
In What Are They? Types of Infectious Agents
Open sourcePapers & reports
How likely is it that biological agents will be used deliberately to cause widespread harm?
A course-linked EMBO Reports analysis of deliberate biological harm and biosecurity.
Open sourcePapers & reports
Managing Existential Risk from AI without Undercutting Innovation
Policy analysis on reducing AI risk while preserving useful innovation.
In Debates & Policy
Open sourcePapers & reports
Measuring AI ability to complete long tasks
A practical measurement approach for tracking how long and complex a task an AI system can complete.
In Measuring AI Ability by Task Length
Open sourcePapers & reports
NLM, Antibiotic Use and Impact
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourcePapers & reports
Pause Giant AI Experiments Open Letter
A public call for a temporary pause on large AI experiments.
In Debates & Policy
Open sourcePapers & reports
Science article on pandemic risk
Course-linked scientific evidence for the pandemic and infectious-disease units.
In Modern Threats of Pandemics
Open sourcePapers & reports
The AI Dilemma: Growth vs. Existential Risk
A report on the tension between rapid AI growth and existential risk management.
In Debates & Policy
Open sourcePapers & reports
Thousands of AI Authors on the Future of AI
Survey evidence on AI timelines, expert disagreement, and catastrophic outcomes.
In Thousands of Authors on Future of AI · What Experts Think
Open sourcePapers & reports
UNEP climate report
Recent climate evidence linked in the course’s introduction to climate uncertainty.
In Introduction to Climate Change
Open sourcePapers & reports
Worobey, M. et al., Science (2022): The emergence of SARS-CoV-2
Linked from Co-evolution of Animals and Infectious Diseases
In Co-evolution of Animals and Infectious Diseases
Open sourceVideos
Adaptation 1
Embedded or assigned in Managing Climate Risk
In Managing Climate Risk
Open sourceVideos
Adaptation 2
Embedded or assigned in Managing Climate Risk
In Managing Climate Risk
Open sourceVideos
Aggregation Systems video
Embedded or assigned in Aggregation Systems
In Aggregation Systems
Open sourceVideos
Aggregation Systems video
Embedded or assigned in Aggregation Systems
In Aggregation Systems
Open sourceVideos
AI 2027: a scenario of AI taking over
Embedded or assigned in What Experts Think, AI 2027 Scenario
In What Experts Think · AI 2027 Scenario
Open sourceVideos
AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment video
Embedded or assigned in AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment
In AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment
Open sourceVideos
AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment video
Embedded or assigned in AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment
In AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment
Open sourceVideos
AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment video
Embedded or assigned in AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment
In AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment
Open sourceVideos
AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment video
Embedded or assigned in AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment
In AI Risk: Misuse and Misalignment
Open sourceVideos
Anthropocene: A Short Introduction
Embedded or assigned in The Anthropocene - Humanity’s Unique Era
In The Anthropocene - Humanity’s Unique Era
Open sourceVideos
Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs
Embedded or assigned in Asteroids & Comets
In Asteroids & Comets
Open sourceVideos
Can You Survive Nuclear Winter?
Embedded or assigned in Consequences of Nuclear War
In Consequences of Nuclear War
Open sourceVideos
Causes and Effects of Climate Change
Embedded or assigned in Introduction to Climate Change
In Introduction to Climate Change
Open sourceVideos
Classic Trolley Problem
Embedded or assigned in Applying Ethics - Open Questions & Difficult Dilemmas
In Applying Ethics - Open Questions & Difficult Dilemmas
Open sourceVideos
Course video · Is AI Amazing or Terrible?
Embedded or assigned in Is AI Amazing or Terrible?
In Is AI Amazing or Terrible?
Open sourceVideos
Course video · Monitoring and Instrumental Convergence
Embedded or assigned in Monitoring and Instrumental Convergence
In Monitoring and Instrumental Convergence
Open sourceVideos
Course video · What Experts Think
Embedded or assigned in What Experts Think
In What Experts Think
Open sourceVideos
Daniel Kokotajlo interview on Hard Fork
Embedded or assigned in AI 2027 Scenario
In AI 2027 Scenario
Open sourceVideos
Deterrence Theory
Embedded or assigned in Trends and Risk Assessment
In Trends and Risk Assessment
Open sourceVideos
Expected Value Explanation
Embedded or assigned in Expected Value and Actuarial Fair Premiums
In Expected Value and Actuarial Fair Premiums
Open sourceVideos
Externalities Problems from AI video
Embedded or assigned in Externalities Problems from AI
In Externalities Problems from AI
Open sourceVideos
Genome Editing with CRISPR-Cas9
Embedded or assigned in Ability to Use Technology to Make New Medicine
In Ability to Use Technology to Make New Medicine
Open sourceVideos
Genome Editing with CRISPR-Cas9
Embedded or assigned in The Ability to Use Technology to Design Infectious Disease
In The Ability to Use Technology to Design Infectious Disease
Open sourceVideos
Geoengineering Overview
Embedded or assigned in Managing Climate Risk
In Managing Climate Risk
Open sourceVideos
Geoengineering Risks
Embedded or assigned in Managing Climate Risk
In Managing Climate Risk
Open sourceVideos
Infectious Diseases Overview
Embedded or assigned in What Are They? Types of Infectious Agents
In What Are They? Types of Infectious Agents
Open sourceVideos
Intro to Nuclear Physics
Embedded or assigned in Risks of Developing Nuclear Weapons
In Risks of Developing Nuclear Weapons
Open sourceVideos
Is AI Amazing or Terrible? video
Embedded or assigned in Is AI Amazing or Terrible?
In Is AI Amazing or Terrible?
Open sourceVideos
Is AI Amazing or Terrible? video
Embedded or assigned in Is AI Amazing or Terrible?
In Is AI Amazing or Terrible?
Open sourceVideos
Managing Supervolcanoes
Embedded or assigned in Supervolcanoes & Other Natural Risks
In Supervolcanoes & Other Natural Risks
Open sourceVideos
Moore's Law video
Embedded or assigned in Moore's Law
In Moore's Law
Open sourceVideos
NASA’s DART Mission
Embedded or assigned in Asteroids & Comets
In Asteroids & Comets
Open sourceVideos
Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
Embedded or assigned in Risks of Developing Nuclear Weapons
In Risks of Developing Nuclear Weapons
Open sourceVideos
Parfit's Dilemma Video
Embedded or assigned in Ethics of Existential Risk
In Ethics of Existential Risk
Open sourceVideos
Public Goods and the Free-Rider Problem
Embedded or assigned in Public Goods and Externalities
In Public Goods and Externalities
Open sourceVideos
Public Goods Explained
Embedded or assigned in Public Goods and Externalities
In Public Goods and Externalities
Open sourceVideos
Reducing Methane
Embedded or assigned in Managing Climate Risk
In Managing Climate Risk
Open sourceVideos
The Drake Equation Explained
Embedded or assigned in The Great Filter, Why the Landscape is Empty
In The Great Filter, Why the Landscape is Empty
Open sourceVideos
The Fermi Paradox Explained
Embedded or assigned in The Great Filter, Why the Landscape is Empty
In The Great Filter, Why the Landscape is Empty
Open sourceVideos
The Good Place Trolley Problem
Embedded or assigned in Applying Ethics - Open Questions & Difficult Dilemmas
In Applying Ethics - Open Questions & Difficult Dilemmas
Open sourceVideos
The Great Filter Explained
Embedded or assigned in The Great Filter, Why the Landscape is Empty
In The Great Filter, Why the Landscape is Empty
Open sourceVideos
The Invisible Universe Of The Human Microbiome
Embedded or assigned in What Do Infectious Agents “Want”?
In What Do Infectious Agents “Want”?
Open sourceVideos
The Malthus Video by Mr. Sinn
Embedded or assigned in Arc of History: Humanity’s Progress & Power
In Arc of History: Humanity’s Progress & Power
Open sourceVideos
The Man Who Saved the World (Petrov 1983
Embedded or assigned in Historical Close Calls
In Historical Close Calls
Open sourceVideos
The Norwegian Rocket Incident of 1995
Embedded or assigned in Historical Close Calls
In Historical Close Calls
Open sourceVideos
The Prisoner's Dilemma Explained in One Minute
Embedded or assigned in Strategic Interactions, Prisoner's Dilemma and Game Theory
In Strategic Interactions, Prisoner's Dilemma and Game Theory
Open sourceVideos
The risks of using CRISPR to edit embryos
Embedded or assigned in The Ability to Use Technology to Design Infectious Disease
In The Ability to Use Technology to Design Infectious Disease
Open sourceVideos
The Science of Climate Change
Embedded or assigned in Introduction to Climate Change
In Introduction to Climate Change
Open sourceVideos
The Tragedy of the Commons
Embedded or assigned in Public Goods and Externalities
In Public Goods and Externalities
Open sourceVideos
Three Moral Theories | Normative Ethics
Embedded or assigned in An Introduction to Three Categories of Ethical Systems
In An Introduction to Three Categories of Ethical Systems
Open sourceVideos
Week 1 Video 5: Reproductive Number
Embedded or assigned in Pandemic and R₀
In Pandemic and R₀
Open sourceVideos
Why Aliens Would Not Invade
Embedded or assigned in The Great Filter, Why the Landscape is Empty
In The Great Filter, Why the Landscape is Empty
Open sourceVideos
Writing Doom - Award-Winning Short Film
Embedded or assigned in P-Doom Movie
In P-Doom Movie
Open sourceData & web
AI - 10 Major Milestones
Linked from History: 10 Milestone Events in AI
In History: 10 Milestone Events in AI
Open sourceData & web
Allison, 1954; CDC, 2023
Linked from Co-evolution of Animals and Infectious Diseases
In Co-evolution of Animals and Infectious Diseases
Open sourceData & web
anthropic.com
Linked from AI x-Risk Management Strategies
In AI x-Risk Management Strategies
Open sourceData & web
article
Linked from Debates & Policy
In Debates & Policy
Open sourceData & web
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA (1975
Linked from AI x-Risk Management Strategies
In AI x-Risk Management Strategies
Open sourceData & web
Britannica, Game Theory
Linked from Strategic Interactions, Prisoner's Dilemma and Game Theory
In Strategic Interactions, Prisoner's Dilemma and Game Theory
Open sourceData & web
Budapest Memorandum
Linked from Trends and Risk Assessment
In Trends and Risk Assessment
Open sourceData & web
Castle Bravo
Linked from Risks of Developing Nuclear Weapons
In Risks of Developing Nuclear Weapons
Open sourceData & web
CDC (1918
Linked from Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
In Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
CDC (H1N1
Linked from Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
In Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
CDC (SARS
Linked from Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
In Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
CDC, 1918 Pandemic
Linked from Modern Threats of Pandemics
In Modern Threats of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2024
Linked from Co-evolution of Animals and Infectious Diseases
In Co-evolution of Animals and Infectious Diseases
Open sourceData & web
Cleveland Clinic – What Is a Virus?
Linked from What Are They? Types of Infectious Agents
In What Are They? Types of Infectious Agents
Open sourceData & web
COVID-NET
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
Data Source: Our World in Data: COVID-19 Mortality Tracker
Linked from Major Examples of Pandemics
In Major Examples of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
discussion on Effective Altruism Forum: Criticisms of PauseAI
Linked from Debates & Policy
In Debates & Policy
Open sourceData & web
Doomsday Clock
Linked from Trends and Risk Assessment
In Trends and Risk Assessment
Open sourceData & web
Earth.Org
Linked from Modern Threats of Pandemics
In Modern Threats of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
EU AI Act (monitoring & transparency measures
Linked from AI x-Risk Management Strategies
In AI x-Risk Management Strategies
Open sourceData & web
FluSurv-NET
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
Further Reading: PBS: Smallpox in the New World
Linked from Major Examples of Pandemics
In Major Examples of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
Gene Editing
Linked from The Ability to Use Technology to Design Infectious Disease
In The Ability to Use Technology to Design Infectious Disease
Open sourceData & web
GISAID, 2024
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
IATA Fact Sheet 2020
Linked from Modern Threats of Pandemics
In Modern Threats of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
In Continued Defense of Non-Frequentist Probabilities
Linked from What Experts Think
In What Experts Think
Open sourceData & web
intelligence.org
Linked from AI x-Risk Management Strategies
In AI x-Risk Management Strategies
Open sourceData & web
Khan Academy, Are viruses dead or alive?
Linked from What Are They? Types of Infectious Agents
In What Are They? Types of Infectious Agents
Open sourceData & web
LessWrong analysis linked on the scenario page
Linked from AI 2027 Scenario
In AI 2027 Scenario
Open sourceData & web
lesswrong.com
Course reference
Open sourceData & web
lesswrong.com
Course reference
Open sourceData & web
Metaculus and many academic analysts place transformative AI further out
Linked from AI 2027 Scenario
In AI 2027 Scenario
Open sourceData & web
Mitigating Risks from Dual-Use Research
Linked from New Tools for Pandemics as Strategic Weapons
In New Tools for Pandemics as Strategic Weapons
Open sourceData & web
Non-Proliferation Treaty
Linked from AI x-Risk Management Strategies
In AI x-Risk Management Strategies
Open sourceData & web
oecd.ai
Linked from AI x-Risk Management Strategies
In AI x-Risk Management Strategies
Open sourceData & web
Our World in Data
Linked from Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
In Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
PauseAI Movement
Linked from AI x-Risk Management Strategies
In AI x-Risk Management Strategies
Open sourceData & web
race to the bottom
Linked from Coordination & Racing Challenge
In Coordination & Racing Challenge
Open sourceData & web
Reference: History of Spanish Flu
Linked from Major Examples of Pandemics
In Major Examples of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
resp-net
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
RSV-NET
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
Source: Black Death
Linked from Major Examples of Pandemics
In Major Examples of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
START Treaties
Linked from Trends and Risk Assessment
In Trends and Risk Assessment
Open sourceData & web
Svalbard global seed vault
Linked from Managing Existential and Global Catastrophic Risks
In Managing Existential and Global Catastrophic Risks
Open sourceData & web
The AI 2027 Scenario
Linked from Management of x-Risk from AI
In Management of x-Risk from AI
Open sourceData & web
Treaty of Tlatelolco
Linked from Trends and Risk Assessment
In Trends and Risk Assessment
Open sourceData & web
Trinity Test
Linked from Risks of Developing Nuclear Weapons
In Risks of Developing Nuclear Weapons
Open sourceData & web
Vaccination Wikipedia, 2025
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
WHO (COVID
Linked from Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
In Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
WHO, 2025
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
WHO, 2025
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
WHO, Zoonoses 2022
Linked from Modern Threats of Pandemics
In Modern Threats of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
who.int
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
Wiki (Zika
Linked from Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
In Historical Frequency and Sizing of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
Wikipedia summary of P(doom
Linked from What Experts Think
In What Experts Think
Open sourceData & web
Wikipedia, 2025
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
Wikipedia, 2025
Linked from Modern defenses against pandemics
In Modern defenses against pandemics
Open sourceData & web
World Bank, Data
Linked from Modern Threats of Pandemics
In Modern Threats of Pandemics
Open sourceData & web
World Health Organization
Linked from The Ability to Use Technology to Design Infectious Disease
In The Ability to Use Technology to Design Infectious Disease
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A note on the index
The index combines the original course links with a short people list and the two books that anchor the syllabus. It is meant to be a useful trailhead, not a claim that every source agrees with the course or with one another.