x-Risk Course
Open access · Self-paced

Module 3

Welcome to Module 3: Traditional Existential Risks

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Traditional Risks Visual

In this module, we examine traditional global catastrophic risks, threats with known historical or scientific precedents. Unlike emerging risks, these have established track records that allow us to compare historical frequency against prospective modeling.

Module Roadmap & Estimated Time

  • Lesson 6: Natural Risks   Est. 90-120 mins
     Asteroids, Comets (7.1), Supervolcanoes (7.2), Total Natural Risk Estimates (7.3), and the Tools of Risk Estimation like Survivorship Bias (7.4).
  • Lesson 7: Nuclear War Est. 60-90 mins
    History of nuclear development, "Close Calls," and the science of Nuclear Winter.
  • Lesson 8: Climate Change Est. 90-120 mins
    Identifying sources of uncertainty, extreme warming scenarios, and the difference between global catastrophe and true existential risk.
  • Lesson 9: Pandemic Est. 90-120 mins
    This lesson integrates biological, historical, and technological perspectives to help you understand how infectious diseases emerge, spread, and evolve, and how human society adapts in response. 
Module Goal: By the end of this module, you should be able to critically analyze traditional existential risks and reflect on how society prepares (or fails to prepare) for threats with established scientific models.

Tip: Pay close attention to how each risk is modeled, and ask yourself: Are we overconfident in what we think we know?

x-Risk Course · Existential Risk: An Open Course

Designed and led by Professor Stephen H. Shore. Online contributors: Abbad Ali and Suyog Thengale.

Course overview · Team · Start here

Original course materials © Stephen H. Shore · CC BY-NC 4.0. Third-party materials retain their own terms.

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0